Native American and African slaves provided the majority of the labor in these mines. From his mother's side, the Palacios family, Bolívar inherited the copper mines at Cocorote. In 1632, small gold deposits first were mined in Venezuela, leading to further discoveries of much more extensive copper deposits. Another portion of Bolívar wealth came from the silver, gold, and more importantly, copper mines in Venezuela. The most important of these estates was a sugar plantation with an encomienda that provided the labor needed to run the estate. The majority of the wealth of Simón de Bolívar's descendants came from the estates. The social position of the family is illustrated by the fact that when the Caracas Cathedral was built in 1594, the Bolívar family had one of the first dedicated side chapels. As an early settler in Caracas Province, he became prominent in the local society and he and his descendants were granted estates, encomiendas, and positions in the Caracas cabildo. When the governor of Santo Domingo was reassigned to Venezuela by the Spanish Crown in 1589, Simón de Bolívar came back with him. His first South American Bolívar ancestor was Simón de Bolívar (or Simon de Bolibar the spelling was not standardized until the nineteenth century), who went to live and work with the governor of Santo Domingo from 1550 to 1570. The Bolívars settled in Venezuela in the sixteenth century. His maternal grandmother was descended from some families from the Canary Islands that settled in the country. His father came from the male line of the Ardanza family. The surname Bolívar derives from the Bolívar aristocrats who came from a small village in the Basque Country, Spain, called La Puebla de Bolívar. Admirers claim that he helped lay the foundations for democracy in much of Latin America. Despite his brutal tactics, Bolívar is regarded as a hero, visionary, revolutionary, and liberator in Hispanic-America.ĭuring his lifetime, he led Venezuela, Colombia (including Panama at the time), Ecuador, Peru (together with Don José de San Martín), and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire. Via his Decree of War to the Death, Bolívar allowed the widespread use of atrocities in retaliation for the historic atrocities of the Spanish army. Bolívar played a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire, and is today considered one of the most influential politicians in the history of the Americas.įollowing the triumph over the Spanish monarchy, Bolívar participated in the foundation of the first union of independent nations in Hispanic-America, a republic, now known as Gran Colombia, of which he was president from 1819 to 1830. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte y Blanco (24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830), commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( Spanish pronunciation: ), was a military and political leader. Santa Marta, New Granada (present-day Colombia) Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte y BlancoĬaracas, Captaincy General of Venezuela, Spanish Empire (present-day Venezuela) José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle For other uses, see Bolívar (disambiguation).
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